Presentation: From Belief to Being: Rethinking Knowledge Beyond Justification
Presentation:
From Belief to Being: Rethinking Knowledge Beyond Justification
Summary
This presentation
compares Justified True Belief (JTB) and Methodical Realism (MR) as theories
of knowledge. While JTB defines knowledge as belief that is both true and
justified, it fails to account for Gettier-style cases where justified true
beliefs arise by luck. Attempts to patch JTB, such as No False Lemmas and
Reliabilism, are examined and found wanting. In contrast, MR defines knowledge
as the mind’s judgment conforming to reality itself. Rather than emphasizing
justification, MR prioritizes epistemic humility and receptivity to the
disclosure of being. The presentation concludes that MR offers a more coherent
and realistic account of knowing.
Annotated Bibliography
Gettier, Edmund L. “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Analysis 23, no. 6 (1963): 121–123. Gettier challenges the classical JTB account by presenting counterexamples where justified true beliefs fail to count as knowledge due to epistemic luck.
Gilson, Étienne. Methodical Realism: A Handbook for
Beginning Realists. Translated by Philip Trower. San Francisco: Ignatius
Press, 1990. Gilson defends knowledge as a contact with being itself,
emphasizing metaphysical realism and rejecting the modern focus on subjective
justification.
Chisholm, Roderick. Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989. Chisholm proposes the “no false
lemmas” condition (though not named as such), arguing that beliefs leading to
knowledge must not rest on falsehoods, providing one supplement to the JTB
framework that I explore as a solution to Gettier.
Goldman, Alvin I. “What Is Justified Belief?” In Justification
and Knowledge, edited by George S. Pappas, 1–23. Dordrecht, Holland: D.
Reidel Publishing Company, 1979. Goldman advances process reliabilism, arguing
that knowledge stems from reliably true belief-forming processes, providing
another supplement to the JTB framework that I explore as a solution to
Gettier.
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